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Joaquín Ibarra y Marín, also known as Joaquín Ibarra, (Zaragoza, July 20, 1725 - Madrid, November 13, 1785) was a Spanish printer who was known for several important technical developments in the fields of the press, books, and typography.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.unav.es/biblioteca/fondoantiguo/hufaexp15/02.html )〕 Some of his most important works are ''Conhuración de Catilina y la guerra de Yugurta'',〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.unav.es/biblioteca/fondoantiguo/hufaexp15/03.html )〕 printed in 1772, and an edition of ''Don Quijote de la Mancha'', as well as ''Real Academia Española'', done in 1780. Ibarra was influenced by (Baskerville, Didot and Bodoni ). == Early life and career == Ibarra studied at Cervera, in the province of Lleida, as an apprentice to his brother Manuel, who was serving as first officer of Printing Pontifical and Royal University.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.todolibroantiguo.es/historia-libro-antiguo-ibarra.html )〕 He also studied academics, learning Latin and classical culture bases. As teacher, he moved to Madrid in 1754, setting up a print shop with 16 presses. Working alongside the best painters and engravers of his time,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.unav.es/biblioteca/fondoantiguo/hufaexp15/30.html )〕 Ibarra was a well recognized printer.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.lib.umich.edu/special-collections-library/el-ingenioso-hidalgo-don-quixote-de-la-mancha-nueva-edicion-corregida-po )〕 Ibarra was an innovator. The ink he used had exceptional quality and brilliance, based on a secret formula he invented. Ibarra implemented several innovations in printing and the process of composition. He experimented with the satin of the paper to remove marks from the printing plate; established a standardized format for developing measures of graphic types, based on the surface of a capital, similar in principle to the rules to be developed by Fournier independently; and typographical conventions such as using V to represent U 〔(【引用サイトリンク】first=Antiono )〕 or using the same block for the long S and F. One of his disciples, the later head of the Company of Printers and Booksellers in the United, Jose Siguenza, systematically collected observations as a collection publishing them in 1811 with the title ''Mechanism of the Printing Art''. Between 1754 and 1836, Ibarra continued to run his workshop, producing some 2,500 editions. Notable are the aforementioned de Cervantes and Sallust, the latter being printed as an edition of 120 copies〔 for the use of the royal family and foreign dignitaries present.〔(【引用サイトリンク】first=L. D. )〕 Other significany issues included the Spanish Paleography (1758), Plant History (1762), Breviarium regulam Gothicum Beatissimi Secundum Isidori (1775), the second edition of the Tour of Spain by Antonio Ponz, the General History of Spain by John Mariana (1780), and the Bibliotheca Hispana Vetus et Nova (1783 - 1788), in four volumes.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.unostiposduros.com/grandes-maestros-de-la-tipografia-joaquin-ibarra-y-marin/ )〕 He Collaborated with the publisher Antonio Sancha before it established its own printing press, printing among other works the first volumes of the Spanish Parnassus. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Joaquín Ibarra」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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